[spidey]

I believe that dogs can learn to associate their actions with subsequent human behaviours (after all, that's how we train them), but "wrong" is a moral judgment, and dogs are amoral (they do not follow a moral code). The problem with thinking a dog knows when something is "wrong", is that it ascribes a whole set of reasoning and moralistic behaviour to an animal which we have no reason to think actually follows that set of reasoning or moralistic behaviour, and that can affect how we treat and train our dogs (it is not helpful in terms of behaviour modification to think of dogs knowing a difference between "right" and "wrong"). The dog may know that you are unhappy when something unusual happens (like eating the garbage or pooping in the house, or whatever), but that does not mean that the dog "knows when it has done wrong", there is a large and unnecessary (and potentially harmful) layer of assumption between "dog has learned to associate a behaviour with a human reaction" and "dog acts "guilty" because it "knows it has done wrong"".