My dog's water bowl is cleaned and filled twice a day, (after each meal). I use the same bowl for food as I do for water. It just became easier to use one bowl since I only have one dog and I always clean his food bowl with hot soapy water anyway, right after he eats.
I do not give excessive water directly after a meal or my dog will vomit up his entire meal.
I usually allow him a couple of gulps after he eats, then bring the water bowl up. After about 30 minutes, I put his water bowl down and he has full access to it the rest of the day. If I hear him gulping a large amount of water, I just break up his drinking so that his is not drinking it ALL at one time, or it never fails, he will vomit.
My last dog NEVER had this problem.