[TR Young]

(not trying to be confrontational here...) Anne, I am simply using a tool that my instructor (who is very well respected in the area by trainers and vets alike) taught the class, and it worked very well. The instructor taught us how to execute this command without being overbearing or punching the dog. It is a light rap in the front of the muzzle that gets the dog's attention. If there are better ways to teach this command, maybe I could give you my instructor's name and number and you could discuss this with her?